Absolutely, definitely not scale guys.
Euonymus scale affects euonymus plants. When you look at pictures of it, you can see it is an insect, plus it develops the typical scale shell that looks like it’s separate from the tree. Scale also pops and bleeds when you squish them.
Yours was squiggly like a little worm, but it definitely was not an insect. They rubbed off like old lenticels, though I question if they were lenticels. I’ve seen some cuttings get quite hairy from lenticels with pre-rooting and have never quite seen it like that. But lenticels are more likely than scale.
It’s just questionable how that is happening with no obvious continuous moisture against the tree. We’ve been pretty dry in CA so far this fall/winter, and I would think your other trees next to it would have similar development.
I don’t see any holes in the trunk which means it’s probably not a borer.
This is the only spot that looks like possible scale if it’s not sap:
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